References

Authoritative sources for our emergency guidance

⚠️ Not Medical Advice

GeodesicNexus apps provide general first aid information based on publicly available guidance from authoritative sources. This is not a substitute for professional medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment. In any emergency, call 911 or your local emergency number. Always follow the guidance of medical professionals and poison control specialists for your specific situation.

Emergency Hotlines

Poison Control (USA)

24/7, free, confidential. Operated by HRSA.

1-800-222-1222

ASPCA Animal Poison Control

24/7 veterinary toxicology experts. Fee may apply.

1-888-426-4435

National Battery Ingestion Hotline

24/7 specialized guidance for button battery emergencies.

1-800-498-8666

Primary Sources

National Capital Poison Center (Poison.org)

Expert poison prevention information and webPOISONCONTROL online tool. Funded by HRSA.

poison.org

ASPCA Animal Poison Control Center

Veterinary toxicology experts. Database of toxic plants, foods, and household products for pets.

aspca.org/pet-care/animal-poison-control

MedlinePlus (National Library of Medicine)

Trusted health information from the U.S. National Institutes of Health.

medlineplus.gov

Mayo Clinic

First aid guides and medical information from Mayo Clinic physicians.

mayoclinic.org/first-aid

American Heart Association & American Red Cross

First Aid Guidelines including eye irrigation and chemical exposure protocols.

redcross.org/take-a-class/first-aid

Washington State Department of Health

Dangers of mixing bleach with other cleaners. Chemical safety information.

doh.wa.gov/.../bleach-mixing-dangers

U.S. Consumer Product Safety Commission (CPSC)

Button battery safety standards and Reese's Law information.

cpsc.gov

Canadian Centre for Occupational Health and Safety (CCOHS)

First aid for chemical exposures, eye wash and shower standards.

ccohs.ca/.../firstaid.html

Guidance Verification

"Rinse eyes with water for 15-20 minutes after chemical exposure"

Source: CCOHS, Mayo Clinic, American Heart Association/Red Cross First Aid Guidelines

"Bleach + Ammonia creates chloramine gas"

Source: Washington State DOH, PubMed (PMID: 9503902)

"Bleach + Vinegar/Acids creates chlorine gas"

Source: Washington State DOH, Chemical & Engineering News (ACS)

"Button batteries can cause severe burns in as little as 2 hours"

Source: National Capital Poison Center, PMC (NIH)

"Give honey (10mL every 10 min) for button battery ingestion in children 12+ months"

Source: Poison Control Button Battery Guidelines, CPSC

"Do NOT induce vomiting for caustic substance ingestion"

Source: Poison Control, American Academy of Clinical Toxicology, European Association of Poisons Centres

"Heat stroke: cool rapidly with ice to neck, armpits, groin"

Source: Mayo Clinic, American Red Cross

Last updated: January 2026 · About GeodesicNexus